Regulation and characteristics
UI, UIP, UIR, PVsim and user-defined U/I characteristics support supply, limiting and simulation tasks.
LAB/SMP – Programmable DC Power Supply up to 2.4 kW
Compact 19-inch platform for repeatable supply and simulation tasks.
The low-profile rack design combines a graphical front-panel interface with precise adjustment and monitoring of the output values. Remote sensing supports voltage regulation directly at the load, while the low-noise cooling system provides comfortable operation in laboratory and development environments.
Sequences and scripts
Setpoints, delays, loops and characteristics can be executed digitally or from an optional memory card.
Remote control as standard
ATI 5/10, RS232 and soft interlock are integrated as standard; further digital interfaces are optional.
Auto load sharing
One master controls up to seven slave units to increase the available output current in parallel operation.
Personal project consultation
Do you need support selecting the right power supply? Our technical specialists will provide personal advice tailored to your application.
Select the appropriate technical configuration or access product documentation directly.
Persönliche Projektberatun
ART. NO.
Description
Current [A]
Power [P]
Voltage [V]
LAB/SMP 715
|
Description
LAB/SMP 715 DC laboratory power supply, 750 W, 15 V, 50 A, 1U, Made in Germany
|
Current [A]
50
|
Power [P]
750
|
Voltage [V]
15
|
Low Power DC Source
Technical Data
Height
2
1
max. Current (A)
max. power (W)
max. voltage (V)
Product category
DC Power Supply
Type of DC source
Standard DC Source
LAB/SMP 735
|
Description
LAB/SMP 735 DC laboratory power supply, 750 W, 35 V, 22 A, 1U, Made in Germany
|
Current [A]
22
|
Power [P]
750
|
Voltage [V]
35
|
Low Power DC Source
Technical Data
Height
2
1
max. Current (A)
max. power (W)
max. voltage (V)
Product category
DC Power Supply
Type of DC source
Standard DC Source
LAB/SMP 745
|
Description
LAB/SMP 745 DC laboratory power supply, 750 W, 45 V, 17 A, 1U, Made in Germany
|
Current [A]
17
|
Power [P]
750
|
Voltage [V]
45
|
Low Power DC Source
Technical Data
Height
2
1
max. Current (A)
max. power (W)
max. voltage (V)
Product category
DC Power Supply
Type of DC source
Standard DC Source
LAB/SMP 770
|
Description
LAB/SMP 770 DC laboratory power supply, 750 W, 70 V, 11 A, 1U, Made in Germany
|
Current [A]
11
|
Power [P]
750
|
Voltage [V]
70
|
Low Power DC Source
Technical Data
Height
2
1
max. Current (A)
max. power (W)
max. voltage (V)
Product category
DC Power Supply
Type of DC source
Standard DC Source
LAB/SMP 7150
|
Description
LAB/SMP 7150 DC laboratory power supply, 750 W, 150 V, 5 A, 1U, Made in Germany
|
Current [A]
5
|
Power [P]
750
|
Voltage [V]
150
|
Low Power DC Source
Technical Data
Height
2
1
max. Current (A)
max. power (W)
max. voltage (V)
Product category
DC Power Supply
Type of DC source
Standard DC Source
LAB/SMP 7300
|
Description
LAB/SMP 7300 DC laboratory power supply, 750 W, 300 V, 2.5 A, 1U, Made in Germany
|
Current [A]
2,5
|
Power [P]
750
|
Voltage [V]
300
|
Low Power DC Source
Technical Data
Height
2
1
max. Current (A)
max. power (W)
max. voltage (V)
Product category
DC Power Supply
Type of DC source
Standard DC Source
LAB/SMP 7600
|
Description
LAB/SMP 7600 DC laboratory power supply, 750 W, 600 V, 1.2 A, 1U, Made in Germany
|
Current [A]
1,2
|
Power [P]
750
|
Voltage [V]
600
|
Low Power DC Source
Technical Data
Height
2
1
max. Current (A)
max. power (W)
max. voltage (V)
Product category
DC Power Supply
Type of DC source
Standard DC Source
LAB/SMP 71200
|
Description
LAB/SMP 71200 DC laboratory power supply, 750 W, 1200 V, 0.6 A, 1U, Made in Germany
|
Current [A]
0,6
|
Power [P]
750
|
Voltage [V]
1200
|
Low Power DC Source
Technical Data
Height
2
1
max. Current (A)
max. power (W)
max. voltage (V)
Product category
DC Power Supply
Type of DC source
Standard DC Source
LAB/SMP 115
|
Description
LAB/SMP 115 DC laboratory power supply, 1.2 kW, 15 V, 80 A, 1U, Made in Germany
|
Current [A]
80
|
Power [P]
1200
|
Voltage [V]
15
|
Low Power DC Source
Technical Data
Height
2
1
max. Current (A)
max. power (W)
max. voltage (V)
Product category
DC Power Supply
Type of DC source
Standard DC Source
LAB/SMP 135
|
Description
LAB/SMP 135 DC-Laborstromversorgung, 1,2 kW, 35 V, 35 A, 1 HE, Made in Germany
|
Current [A]
35
|
Power [P]
1200
|
Voltage [V]
35
|
Low Power DC Source
Technical Data
Height
2
1
max. Current (A)
max. power (W)
max. voltage (V)
Product category
DC Power Supply
Type of DC source
Standard DC Source
LAB/SMP 145
|
Description
LAB/SMP 145 DC laboratory power supply, 1.2 kW, 45 V, 30 A, 1U, Made in Germany
|
Current [A]
30
|
Power [P]
1200
|
Voltage [V]
45
|
Low Power DC Source
Technical Data
Height
2
1
max. Current (A)
max. power (W)
max. voltage (V)
Product category
DC Power Supply
Type of DC source
Standard DC Source
LAB/SMP 170
|
Description
LAB/SMP 170 DC laboratory power supply, 1.2 kW, 70 V, 20 A, 1U, Made in Germany
|
Current [A]
20
|
Power [P]
1200
|
Voltage [V]
70
|
Low Power DC Source
Technical Data
Height
2
1
max. Current (A)
max. power (W)
max. voltage (V)
Product category
DC Power Supply
Type of DC source
Standard DC Source
LAB/SMP 1150
|
Description
LAB/SMP 1150 DC laboratory power supply, 1.2 kW, 150 V, 8 A, 1U, Made in Germany
|
Current [A]
8
|
Power [P]
1200
|
Voltage [V]
150
|
Low Power DC Source
Technical Data
Height
2
1
max. Current (A)
max. power (W)
max. voltage (V)
Product category
DC Power Supply
Type of DC source
Standard DC Source
LAB/SMP 1300
|
Description
LAB/SMP 1300 DC laboratory power supply, 1.2 kW, 300 V, 4 A, 1U, Made in Germany
|
Current [A]
4
|
Power [P]
1200
|
Voltage [V]
300
|
Low Power DC Source
Technical Data
Height
2
1
max. Current (A)
max. power (W)
max. voltage (V)
Product category
DC Power Supply
Type of DC source
Standard DC Source
LAB/SMP 1600
|
Description
LAB/SMP 1600 DC laboratory power supply, 1.2 kW, 600 V, 2 A, 1U, Made in Germany
|
Current [A]
2
|
Power [P]
1200
|
Voltage [V]
1600
|
Low Power DC Source
Technical Data
Height
2
1
max. Current (A)
max. power (W)
max. voltage (V)
Product category
DC Power Supply
Type of DC source
Standard DC Source
LAB/SMP 11200
|
Description
LAB/SMP 11200 DC laboratory power supply, 1.2 kW, 1200 V, 1 A, 1U, Made in Germany
|
Current [A]
1
|
Power [P]
1200
|
Voltage [V]
1200
|
Low Power DC Source
Technical Data
Height
2
1
max. Current (A)
max. power (W)
max. voltage (V)
Product category
DC Power Supply
Type of DC source
Standard DC Source
LAB/SMP 215
|
Description
LAB/SMP 215 DC laboratory power supply, 2.4 kW, 15 V, 160 A, 2U, Made in Germany
|
Current [A]
160
|
Power [P]
2400
|
Voltage [V]
15
|
Low Power DC Source
Technical Data
Height
2
1
max. Current (A)
max. power (W)
max. voltage (V)
Product category
DC Power Supply
Type of DC source
Standard DC Source
LAB/SMP 235
|
Description
LAB/SMP 235 DC laboratory power supply, 2.4 kW, 35 V, 68 A, 1U, Made in Germany
|
Current [A]
68
|
Power [P]
2400
|
Voltage [V]
35
|
Low Power DC Source
Technical Data
Height
2
1
max. Current (A)
max. power (W)
max. voltage (V)
Product category
DC Power Supply
Type of DC source
Standard DC Source
LAB/SMP 245
|
Description
LAB/SMP 245 DC laboratory power supply, 2.4 kW, 45 V, 53 A, 1U, Made in Germany
|
Current [A]
53
|
Power [P]
2400
|
Voltage [V]
45
|
Low Power DC Source
Technical Data
Height
2
1
max. Current (A)
max. power (W)
max. voltage (V)
Product category
DC Power Supply
Type of DC source
Standard DC Source
LAB/SMP 270
|
Description
LAB/SMP 270 DC laboratory power supply, 2.4 kW, 70 V, 34 A, 1U, Made in Germany
|
Current [A]
34
|
Power [P]
2400
|
Voltage [V]
70
|
Low Power DC Source
Technical Data
Height
2
1
max. Current (A)
max. power (W)
max. voltage (V)
Product category
DC Power Supply
Type of DC source
Standard DC Source
LAB/SMP 2150
|
Description
LAB/SMP 2150 DC laboratory power supply, 2.4 kW, 150 V, 16 A, 1U, Made in Germany
|
Current [A]
16
|
Power [P]
2400
|
Voltage [V]
150
|
Low Power DC Source
Technical Data
Height
2
1
max. Current (A)
max. power (W)
max. voltage (V)
Product category
DC Power Supply
Type of DC source
Standard DC Source
LAB/SMP 2300
|
Description
LAB/SMP 2300 DC laboratory power supply, 2.4 kW, 300 V, 8 A, 1U, Made in Germany
|
Current [A]
8
|
Power [P]
2400
|
Voltage [V]
300
|
Low Power DC Source
Technical Data
Height
2
1
max. Current (A)
max. power (W)
max. voltage (V)
Product category
DC Power Supply
Type of DC source
Standard DC Source
LAB/SMP 2600
|
Description
LAB/SMP 2600 DC laboratory power supply, 2.4 kW, 600 V, 4 A, 1U, Made in Germany
|
Current [A]
4
|
Power [P]
2400
|
Voltage [V]
600
|
Low Power DC Source
Technical Data
Height
2
1
max. Current (A)
max. power (W)
max. voltage (V)
Product category
DC Power Supply
Type of DC source
Standard DC Source
LAB/SMP 21200
|
Description
LAB/SMP 21200 DC laboratory power supply, 2.4 kW, 1200 V, 2 A, 2U, Made in Germany
|
Current [A]
2
|
Power [P]
2400
|
Voltage [V]
1200
|
Low Power DC Source
Technical Data
Height
2
1
max. Current (A)
max. power (W)
max. voltage (V)
Product category
DC Power Supply
Type of DC source
Standard DC Source
LAB/SMP series overview
The LAB/SMP series consists of switch-mode programmable DC sources for laboratories, development, quality assurance and automated test systems. The model range covers output power ratings of 750 W, 1,200 W and 2,400 W, with rated voltages from 15 V to 1,200 V. Depending on the selected model, output currents of up to 160 A are available. Most units use a compact 19-inch chassis with a height of 1 U and a depth of 440 mm; the 2,400 W versions rated at 15 V and 1,200 V require 2 U. In addition to conventional voltage and current limiting, the series supports power limiting, internal resistance simulation, PV characteristics and user-defined U/I output curves. Front-panel operation, analogue control and digital remote operation support both manual laboratory use and integration into ATE, production and system solutions.
Key benefits
Extensive model range
Three power classes and eight voltage ratings support dedicated selection for low-voltage, high-current or high-voltage applications.
Compact rack integration
Most versions require only 1 U, providing efficient use of space in laboratory, test-bench and ATE installations.
Digital control functions
Dedicated PID controllers support power limiting, internal resistance simulation and PV characteristics with adjustable controller parameters.
Precise programming
Programming accuracy is ±0.05% + 2 mV for voltage and ±0.05% + 2 mA for current.
Galvanic isolation
The galvanic isolation between the input and output circuits is rated at 3,000 V.
Adjustable output profiles
Adjustable voltage and current slopes together with user-defined characteristics support repeatable dynamic test sequences.
DC power supply operating principle
LAB/SMP units convert the mains input through a PFC stage and a switch-mode power regulator into a controlled DC output. Setpoints can be entered from the front panel, the galvanically isolated analogue interface or a digital interface. Present output values remain available for display and monitoring.
Depending on the selected mode, the internal control system processes voltage, current, power or resistance setpoints. In PVsim and User mode, the current setpoint is calculated from the measured output voltage and a stored characteristic. This enables the unit to provide both constant operating points and defined source characteristics.
Remote sensing: The sense lines move the voltage measurement point to the load or to a central load distribution point. They must not carry load current and must be wired using the specified connection sequence.
Models and technical specifications
The series designation combines the power class and output voltage. The following table lists the available standard models.
| Model | Power | Output voltage | Output current | Dimensions |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LAB/SMP 715 | 750 W | 0–15 V | 0–50 A | 19 inch × 1 U × 440 mm |
| LAB/SMP 735 | 750 W | 0–35 V | 0–22 A | 19 inch × 1 U × 440 mm |
| LAB/SMP 745 | 750 W | 0–45 V | 0–17 A | 19 inch × 1 U × 440 mm |
| LAB/SMP 770 | 750 W | 0–70 V | 0–11 A | 19 inch × 1 U × 440 mm |
| LAB/SMP 7150 | 750 W | 0–150 V | 0–5 A | 19 inch × 1 U × 440 mm |
| LAB/SMP 7300 | 750 W | 0–300 V | 0–2.5 A | 19 inch × 1 U × 440 mm |
| LAB/SMP 7600 | 750 W | 0–600 V | 0–1.2 A | 19 inch × 1 U × 440 mm |
| LAB/SMP 71200 | 750 W | 0–1,200 V | 0–0.6 A | 19 inch × 1 U × 440 mm |
| LAB/SMP 115 | 1,200 W | 0–15 V | 0–80 A | 19 inch × 1 U × 440 mm |
| LAB/SMP 135 | 1,200 W | 0–35 V | 0–35 A | 19 inch × 1 U × 440 mm |
| LAB/SMP 145 | 1,200 W | 0–45 V | 0–30 A | 19 inch × 1 U × 440 mm |
| LAB/SMP 170 | 1,200 W | 0–70 V | 0–20 A | 19 inch × 1 U × 440 mm |
| LAB/SMP 1150 | 1,200 W | 0–150 V | 0–8 A | 19 inch × 1 U × 440 mm |
| LAB/SMP 1300 | 1,200 W | 0–300 V | 0–4 A | 19 inch × 1 U × 440 mm |
| LAB/SMP 1600 | 1,200 W | 0–600 V | 0–2 A | 19 inch × 1 U × 440 mm |
| LAB/SMP 11200 | 1,200 W | 0–1,200 V | 0–1 A | 19 inch × 1 U × 440 mm |
| LAB/SMP 215 | 2,400 W | 0–15 V | 0–160 A | 19 inch × 2 U × 440 mm |
| LAB/SMP 235 | 2,400 W | 0–35 V | 0–68 A | 19 inch × 1 U × 440 mm |
| LAB/SMP 245 | 2,400 W | 0–45 V | 0–53 A | 19 inch × 1 U × 440 mm |
| LAB/SMP 270 | 2,400 W | 0–70 V | 0–34 A | 19 inch × 1 U × 440 mm |
| LAB/SMP 2150 | 2,400 W | 0–150 V | 0–16 A | 19 inch × 1 U × 440 mm |
| LAB/SMP 2300 | 2,400 W | 0–300 V | 0–8 A | 19 inch × 1 U × 440 mm |
| LAB/SMP 2600 | 2,400 W | 0–600 V | 0–4 A | 19 inch × 1 U × 440 mm |
| LAB/SMP 21200 | 2,400 W | 0–1,200 V | 0–2 A | 19 inch × 2 U × 440 mm |
An optional autoranging version down to 33% is available. The exact output characteristic and availability must be confirmed for the selected model.
Regulation and dynamic response
The technical specifications support repeatable steady-state and dynamic testing. Programming accuracy, display accuracy and dynamic regulation describe separate performance characteristics.
| Parameter | Value | Practical relevance |
|---|---|---|
| Static voltage regulation | ±0.05% + 2 mV | Limits steady-state deviation of the controlled output voltage. |
| Static current regulation | ±0.1% + 2 mA | Supports defined current limiting and repeatable current operating points. |
| Dynamic regulation | <1–3 ms, typical | Describes the typical response of the control system to dynamic load changes. |
| Ripple | <0.2% RMS, typical | Specifies the AC component under the intended measurement conditions. |
| Stability | ±0.05% | Supports constant operating points during extended test sequences. |
| Voltage programming accuracy | ±0.05% + 2 mV | Describes the deviation between the programmed voltage and the generated setpoint. |
| Current programming accuracy | ±0.05% + 2 mA | Describes the deviation between the programmed current and the generated setpoint. |
| Display accuracy | <±0.5% for voltage and current | Applies to output values displayed by the unit. |
| Line regulation | <±0.1% + 2 mV | Limits the effect of mains voltage changes on the output. |
High-speed option: The secondary rise and fall time of the DC output voltage is reduced by an average factor of 10 compared with the standard version. No absolute time value is specified.
Operating modes and programmable functions
| Operating mode | Function | Typical use |
|---|---|---|
| UI | Direct setting and limiting of output voltage and output current. | General supply of modules, components and devices under test. |
| UIP | Adds an adjustable power limit to voltage and current limiting. | Tests requiring an additional limit on total output power. |
| UIR | Calculates the voltage setpoint from the output current and an adjustable internal resistance. | Simulation of a source with a defined voltage drop under load. |
| PVsim | Generates a PV characteristic from open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current, MPP voltage and MPP current. | Supply and functional testing of PV electronics and inverter inputs. |
| User | Outputs a user-defined U/I characteristic with stepped or linear interpolation. | Simulation of custom sources, characteristics and operating-point profiles. |
| Script | Processes setpoints, modes, delays, loops and switching commands in a defined sequence. | Automated standalone tests and test procedures containing up to 1,000 commands. |
Scripts can be transferred to the internal memory through the digital interface. The optional SD card function enables local loading of script files. The optional data logging function stores measurement values in a text format with an adjustable logging interval.
Typical applications
The combination of manual operation, characteristic functions and interface integration covers applications ranging from individual measurements to automated production systems.
Development and laboratory testing
Electronic modules are supplied with defined voltage, current and power limits and tested at different operating points.
Test solutions for PV and grid simulation
PVsim supplies PV electronics with a calculated characteristic based on open-circuit, short-circuit and MPP parameters.
Test solutions for automotive and e-mobility
Optional 12 V and 24 V start-up characteristics and programmable profiles support the testing of electrical vehicle components.
Production and end-of-line testing
Digital remote control, scripts and measurement feedback enable repeatable supply steps within automated test sequences.
Automated test systems
The compact rack design and optional bus interfaces simplify integration into computer-controlled test systems.
Service and maintenance
Front-panel control, graphical indication and adjustable limits support controlled power delivery during diagnostics and repair.
Interfaces, software and automation
| Interface or function | Status | Technical scope |
|---|---|---|
| Front panel | Standard | Graphical display, rotary encoder and buttons for setpoints, operating modes, limits and status information. |
| ATI 5/10 | Standard | Galvanically isolated analogue interface with selectable 0–5 V or 0–10 V range, setpoint inputs, monitor outputs and digital I/O. |
| Soft interlock | Standard | Prevents output activation when the interlock circuit is open. The soft interlock is not a safety function as defined by machinery directives. |
| RS232 | Standard | Serial remote control with configurable baud rates up to 115,200 baud and an ASCII command protocol. |
| IEEE488 / GPIB | Optional | Bus connection with device addressing and basic IEEE-488.2 commands. |
| RS485 | Optional | Addressable serial communication for multiple units with a configurable timeout. |
| USB | Optional | Virtual COM port providing operation equivalent to the serial RS232 interface. |
| LAN | Optional | Network control through TCP/IP or Telnet. The direct connection uses port 10001. |
| SD card slot | Optional | Local loading of scripts and measurement storage with the optional data logging function. |
| Digital protocol | Device function | ASCII-based command set for setpoints, measurements, operating modes, characteristics, status queries and scripts. |
Parallel operation and scaling
Multiple LAB/SMP units can be connected in parallel for applications requiring higher output current. The positive and negative power outputs of the units are connected together. Auto load sharing through the analogue interface provides accurate current distribution between the master and slave units.
Master-slave control
Voltage, current and OVP are configured on the master. Slave units receive the corresponding analogue setpoints.
Up to eight units
For stability reasons, no more than one master and seven slave units should be connected in parallel.
The total current is calculated as Iout = (n + 1) × IMaster, where n is the number of slave units.
Installation and infrastructure
The 1.2 kW and 2.4 kW power classes have different requirements for input voltage, mains connector, protection and power consumption. The specific mains and connector configuration must be checked against the complete model designation.
| Parameter | 1.2 kW models | 2.4 kW models |
|---|---|---|
| Mains connection | Single-phase, 1P + N + PE | Single-phase, 1P + N + PE |
| Input voltage | 90–264 VAC with PFC | 230 VAC ±10% with PFC |
| Input frequency | 47–63 Hz | 47–63 Hz |
| AC input connector | IEC-C14 | IEC-C20 |
| Input current | Approx. 6.5 A | Approx. 13 A |
| Inrush current | Approx. 25 A | Approx. 25 A |
| Internal mains fuse | 10 A | 16 A |
| Recommended circuit breaker | 10 A, type D | 16 A, type D |
| Power factor | Approx. 0.99 | Approx. 0.99 |
| Typical efficiency | Approx. 88% with PFC | Approx. 89% with PFC |
| Dissipated power | Approx. 165 W | Approx. 350 W |
| Weight | 7 kg | 7.6 kg |
| Environmental condition | Value |
|---|---|
| Cooling | Fan cooling |
| Operating temperature | 0–50°C |
| Storage temperature | −20–70°C |
| Humidity | <80%, non-condensing |
| Operating altitude | <2,000 m |
Available ordering options include alternative single- and three-phase mains inputs, a 400 Hz input and a 250 to 750 VDC input. Compatibility must be confirmed for the selected model.
Protection and safety functions
Overvoltage protection
The shutdown level can be adjusted up to 120% of the maximum unit voltage. The output is disabled when OVP is triggered.
Current and power protection
Overcurrent and overpower protection complement the adjustable current and power limits.
Temperature monitoring
Heat-sink temperatures are monitored, and an overtemperature function protects the unit from excessive thermal stress.
Undervoltage protection
UVP extends the protection functions by monitoring for an inadmissible undervoltage condition.
Protection class I
Operation is permitted only with the protective earth connected. The input and output circuits are galvanically isolated.
Soft interlock
An open interlock circuit prevents output activation. The soft interlock is not a safety function as defined by machinery directives.
Standards and directives: EN 61010-1:2010, EN 61326-1:2013 and RoHS according to EN 50581:2012. The installation must also comply with all applicable safety, infrastructure and risk-assessment requirements.
Frequently asked questions about the LAB/SMP series
How is the correct LAB/SMP model selected?
Selection is based on the required output voltage, maximum current and power at the intended operating point. Chassis height, mains input and required options must also be considered.
Can the series simulate PV modules or solar generators?
Yes. PVsim calculates a characteristic from open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current, MPP voltage and MPP current.
Which operating modes are available?
Available modes include UI, UIP, UIR, PVsim, user-defined characteristics and script operation.
Which interfaces are included as standard?
The galvanically isolated ATI 5/10 analogue interface, RS232 and soft interlock are included as standard. IEEE488, RS485, USB and LAN are optional.
Is parallel operation supported?
Yes. Auto load sharing supports one master and up to seven slave units to increase the total output current.
What does the high-speed option provide?
It reduces the secondary rise and fall time of the DC output voltage by an average factor of 10 compared with the standard version.
Can standalone test sequences be executed?
Yes. Scripts can contain up to 1,000 commands including setpoints, operating modes, delays and loops.
What is remote sensing used for?
Remote sensing compensates for voltage drops in the load cables by measuring the output voltage directly at the load.
Technical consultation and project enquiry
To select the appropriate LAB/SMP model, we assess the required operating range, mains supply and requirements for dynamic response, interfaces and automation.
- Required output voltage, current and power
- Static operation, characteristic simulation or dynamic sequences
- Required standard and optional interfaces
- Standalone unit or scaled parallel operation
- Rack, ATE or customised system integration
